Creare una finestra mediante le funzioni del API di SDL2
Da Gambas-it.org - Wikipedia.
Versione del 3 nov 2015 alle 04:24 di Vuott (Discussione | contributi)
La risorsa SDL2 mette a disposizione alcune librerie contenenti varie funzioni che consentono, fra l'altro, anche la creazione di finestre ove visualizzare testo, immagini ed altro.
Per creare e gestire in modo adeguato le finestre, bisognerà servirsi della seguente libreria condivisa dinamica: libSDL2-2.0.so.0.2.0
Indice
Creare una finestra colorata e disegnarvi un quadrato
Mostriamo di seguito un semplice esempio per generare una finestra colorata di giallo, nella quale sarà disegnato un quadrato pieno di colore blu:
Public Struct SDL_Rect
x As Integer
y As Integer
w As Integer
h As Integer
End Struct
Library "libSDL2-2.0:0.2.0"
Private Const SDL_INIT_VIDEO As Integer = &20
Private Const SDL_WINDOW_SHOWN As Integer = 4
Private Enum SDL_RENDERER_SOFTWARE = 1, SDL_RENDERER_ACCELERATED, SDL_RENDERER_PRESENTVSYNC = 4, SDL_RENDERER_TARGETTEXTURE = 8
' int SDL_Init(Uint32 flags)
' Initialize the SDL library.
Private Extern SDL_Init(flags As Integer) As Integer
' SDL_Window* SDL_CreateWindow(const char* title, int x, int y, int w, int h, Uint32 flags)
' Creates a window with the specified position, dimensions, and flags.
Private Extern SDL_CreateWindow(title As String, xI As Integer, yI As Integer, width As Integer, height As Integer, flags As Integer) As Pointer
' const char* SDL_GetError(void)
' Returns a message with information about the specific error that occurred.
Private Extern SDL_GetError() As String
' SDL_Renderer* SDL_CreateRenderer(SDL_Window* window, int index, Uint32 flags)
' Creates a 2D rendering context for a window.
Private Extern SDL_CreateRenderer(sdl_window As Pointer, index As Integer, flags As Integer) As Pointer
' int SDL_SetRenderDrawColor(SDL_Renderer * renderer, Uint8 r, Uint8 g, Uint8 b, Uint8 a)
' Sets the color used for drawing operations (Rect, Line and Clear).
Private Extern SDL_SetRenderDrawColor(renderer As Pointer, rB As Byte, gB As Byte, bB As Byte, aB As Byte) As Integer
' int SDL_RenderClear(SDL_Renderer* renderer)
' Clears the current rendering target with the drawing color.
Private Extern SDL_RenderClear(renderer As Pointer) As Integer
' int SDL_RenderDrawRect(SDL_Renderer * renderer, const SDL_Rect* rect)
' Draws a rectangle on the current rendering target.
Private Extern SDL_RenderDrawRect(renderer As Pointer, rect As SDL_Rect) As Integer
' int SDL_RenderFillRect(SDL_Renderer * renderer, const SDL_Rect* rect)
' Fills a rectangle on the current rendering target with the drawing color.
Private Extern SDL_RenderFillRect(renderer As Pointer, rect As SDL_Rect) As Integer
' void SDL_RenderPresent(SDL_Renderer * renderer)
' Update the screen with rendering performed.
Private Extern SDL_RenderPresent(renderer As Pointer)
' void SDL_DestroyWindow(SDL_Window* window)
' Destroy a window.
Private Extern SDL_DestroyWindow(sdl_window As Pointer)
' void SDL_Quit(void)
' Clean up all initialized subsystems.
Private Extern SDL_Quit()
Public Sub Main()
Dim finestra, rend As Pointer
Dim riquadro As New SDL_Rect
Dim s As String
SDL_Init(SDL_INIT_VIDEO)
finestra = SDL_CreateWindow("Titolo finestra", 50, 50, 640, 480, SDL_WINDOW_SHOWN)
If IsNull(finestra) Then Error.Raise("Impossibile creare la finestra: " & SDL_GetError())
rend = SDL_CreateRenderer(finestra, 0, SDL_RENDERER_ACCELERATED)
If IsNull(rend) Then Error.Raise("Errore alla funzione 'SDL_CreateRenderer': " & SDL_GetError())
SDL_SetRenderDrawColor(rend, 255, 255, 0, 255)
SDL_RenderClear(rend)
' Si imposta un riquadro 50x50 pixel all'interno della finestra:
With riquadro
.x = 20
.y = 20
.w = 50
.h = 50
End With
' Viene impostato il colore blu per i margini del riquadro:
SDL_SetRenderDrawColor(rend, 0, 0, 255, 255)
' Viene disegnato il riquadro:
SDL_RenderDrawRect(rend, riquadro)
' Il riquadro viene colorato di blu anche al suo interno:
SDL_RenderFillRect(rend, riquadro)
SDL_RenderPresent(rend)
' Per tenere aperta la finestra utilizziamo il seguente ciclo, dal quale si uscirà solo quando si invierà un qualsiasi carattere dalla console o dal Terminale:
While True
Input #File.In, s
If s <> Null Then Break
Wend
' Va in chiusura:
SDL_DestroyWindow(finestra)
SDL_Quit()
End
Creare una finestra e caricarvi un'immagine
Mostriamo di seguito un semplice esempio per generare una finestra e caricarvi un'immagine di formato .bmp . In questo caso la dimensione della finestra avrà le medesime dimensioni dell'immagine.
Poiché si farà uso della funzione ImageStat(), sarà necessario attivare il componente gb.image .
Library "libSDL2-2.0:0.2.0"
Private Const SDL_INIT_VIDEO As Integer = &20
Private Const SDL_WINDOW_SHOWN As Integer = 4
Private Enum SDL_RENDERER_SOFTWARE = 1, SDL_RENDERER_ACCELERATED, SDL_RENDERER_PRESENTVSYNC = 4, SDL_RENDERER_TARGETTEXTURE = 8
' int SDL_Init(Uint32 flags)
' Initialize the SDL library.
Private Extern SDL_Init(flags As Integer) As Integer
' SDL_Window* SDL_CreateWindow(const char* title, int x, int y, int w, int h, Uint32 flags)
' Creates a window with the specified position, dimensions, and flags.
Private Extern SDL_CreateWindow(title As String, xI As Integer, yI As Integer, width As Integer, height As Integer, flags As Integer) As Pointer
' const char* SDL_GetError(void)
' Returns a message with information about the specific error that occurred.
Private Extern SDL_GetError() As String
' SDL_Renderer* SDL_CreateRenderer(SDL_Window* window, int index, Uint32 flags)
' Creates a 2D rendering context for a window.
Private Extern SDL_CreateRenderer(sdl_window As Pointer, index As Integer, flags As Integer) As Pointer
Private Extern SDL_RWFromFile($file As String, mode As String) As Pointer
' SDL_Surface SDL_LoadBMP_RW(SDL_RWops * src, int freesrc)
' Load a surface from a BMP file.
Private Extern SDL_LoadBMP_RW(image As Pointer, freesrc As Integer) As Pointer
' SDL_Texture* SDL_CreateTextureFromSurface(SDL_Renderer* renderer, SDL_Surface* surface)
' Creates a texture from an existing surface.
Private Extern SDL_CreateTextureFromSurface(renderer As Pointer, surface As Pointer) As Pointer
' int SDL_RenderClear(SDL_Renderer* renderer)
' Clears the current rendering target with the drawing color.
Private Extern SDL_RenderClear(renderer As Pointer) As Integer
' int SDL_RenderCopy(SDL_Renderer * renderer, SDL_Texture * texture, const SDL_Rect * srcrect, const SDL_Rect * dstrect)
' Copy a portion of the texture to the current rendering target.
Private Extern SDL_RenderCopy(renderer As Pointer, texture As Pointer, srcrect As Pointer, dstrect As Pointer) As Integer
' void SDL_RenderPresent(SDL_Renderer * renderer)
' Update the screen with rendering performed.
Private Extern SDL_RenderPresent(renderer As Pointer)
' void SDL_DestroyWindow(SDL_Window* window)
' Destroy a window.
Private Extern SDL_DestroyWindow(sdl_window As Pointer)
' void SDL_FreeSurface(SDL_Surface* surface)
' Free an RGB surface.
Private Extern SDL_FreeSurface(surface As Pointer)
' void SDL_Quit(void)
' Clean up all initialized subsystems.
Private Extern SDL_Quit()
Public Sub Main()
Dim finestra, rend, fl, imago, tex As Pointer
Dim s, file_immagine As String
Dim wImm, hImm As Integer
file_immagine = "/percorso/del/file/immagine.bmp"
wImm = ImageStat(file_immagine).Width
hImm = ImageStat(file_immagine).Height
SDL_Init(SDL_INIT_VIDEO)
finestra = SDL_CreateWindow("Titolo finestra", 50, 50, wImm, hImm, SDL_WINDOW_SHOWN)
If IsNull(finestra) Then Error.Raise("Impossibile creare la finestra: " & SDL_GetError())
rend = SDL_CreateRenderer(finestra, -1, SDL_RENDERER_ACCELERATED Or SDL_RENDERER_PRESENTVSYNC)
If IsNull(rend) Then Error.Raise("Errore alla funzione 'SDL_CreateRenderer': " & SDL_GetError())
' Carica un'immagine nella finestra:
fl = SDL_RWFromFile(file_immagine, "rb")
If IsNull(fl) Then Error.Raise("Impossibile caricare il file immagine: " & SDL_GetError())
imago = SDL_LoadBMP_RW(fl, 1)
If IsNull(imago) Then Error.Raise("Impossibile caricare l'immagine: " & SDL_GetError())
tex = SDL_CreateTextureFromSurface(rend, imago)
If IsNull(tex) Then Error.Raise("Errore alla funzione 'SDL_CreateTextureFromSurface': " & SDL_GetError())
SDL_RenderClear(rend)
SDL_RenderCopy(rend, tex, 0, 0)
SDL_RenderPresent(rend)
' Per tenere aperta la finestra utilizziamo il seguente ciclo, dal quale si uscirà solo quando si invierà un qualsiasi carattere dalla console o dal Terminale:
While True
Input #File.In, s
If s <> Null Then Break
Wend
' Va in chiusura:
SDL_FreeSurface(imago)
SDL_DestroyWindow(finestra)
SDL_Quit()
End
Creare una finestra colorata e modificare l'aspetto del puntatore del mouse
In quest'altro esempio viene generata una finestra colorata di giallo e viene modificato l'aspetto del puntatore del mouse, che apparirà nel suo nuovo aspetto quando entrerà nella finestra.
Private cursore As String[] = [" 32 32 3 1",
"X c #000000",
". c #FFFFFF",
" c None",
"X ",
"XX ",
"X.X ",
"XXXX ",
"X...X ",
"XXXXXX ",
"X.....X ",
"XXXXXXXX ",
"X.......X ",
"XXXXXXXXXX ",
"X.....XXXXX ",
"XXXXXXX ",
"X.X X..X ",
"XX XXXX ",
"X X..X ",
" XXXX ",
" X..X ",
" XXXX ",
" XX ",
" ",
" ",
" ",
" ",
" ",
" ",
" ",
" ",
" ",
" ",
" ",
" ",
" ",
"0,0"]
Private s As String
Library "libSDL2-2.0:0.2.0"
Private Const SDL_INIT_VIDEO As Integer = &20
Private Const SDL_WINDOWPOS_CENTERED As Integer = &2FFF0000
Private Const SDL_WINDOW_SHOWN As Integer = 4
Private Enum SDL_RENDERER_SOFTWARE = 1, SDL_RENDERER_ACCELERATED, SDL_RENDERER_PRESENTVSYNC = 4, SDL_RENDERER_TARGETTEXTURE = 8
' int SDL_Init(Uint32 flags)
' Initialize the SDL library.
Private Extern SDL_Init(flags As Integer) As Integer
' SDL_Window* SDL_CreateWindow(const char* title, int x, int y, int w, int h, Uint32 flags)
' Creates a window with the specified position, dimensions, and flags.
Private Extern SDL_CreateWindow(title As String, xI As Integer, yI As Integer, width As Integer, height As Integer, flags As Integer) As Pointer
' const char* SDL_GetError(void)
' Returns a message with information about the specific error that occurred.
Private Extern SDL_GetError() As String
' SDL_Renderer* SDL_CreateRenderer(SDL_Window* window, int index, Uint32 flags)
' Creates a 2D rendering context for a window.
Private Extern SDL_CreateRenderer(sdl_window As Pointer, index As Integer, flags As Integer) As Pointer
' int SDL_SetRenderDrawColor(SDL_Renderer * renderer, Uint8 r, Uint8 g, Uint8 b, Uint8 a)
' Sets the color used for drawing operations (Rect, Line and Clear).
Private Extern SDL_SetRenderDrawColor(renderer As Pointer, rB As Byte, gB As Byte, bB As Byte, aB As Byte) As Integer
' int SDL_RenderClear(SDL_Renderer* renderer)
' Clears the current rendering target with the drawing color.
Private Extern SDL_RenderClear(renderer As Pointer) As Integer
' void SDL_RenderPresent(SDL_Renderer * renderer)
' Update the screen with rendering performed.
Private Extern SDL_RenderPresent(renderer As Pointer)
' SDL_Cursor* SDL_CreateCursor(const Uint8* data, const Uint8* mask, int w, int h, int hot_x, int hot_y)
' To create a cursor using the specified bitmap data and mask (in MSB format).
Private Extern SDL_CreateCursor(data As Pointer, mask As Pointer, w As Integer, h As Integer, hot_x As Integer, hot_y As Integer) As Pointer
' void SDL_SetCursor(SDL_Cursor* cursor)
' To set the active cursor.
Private Extern SDL_SetCursor(cursor As Pointer)
' void SDL_DestroyWindow(SDL_Window* window)
' Destroy a window.
Private Extern SDL_DestroyWindow(sdl_window As Pointer)
' void SDL_Quit(void)
' Clean up all initialized subsystems.
Private Extern SDL_Quit()
Public Sub Main()
Dim finestra, rend, cur As Pointer
SDL_Init(SDL_INIT_VIDEO)
finestra = SDL_CreateWindow("Titolo finestra", 50, 50, 640, 480, SDL_WINDOW_SHOWN)
If IsNull(finestra) Then Error.Raise("Impossibile creare la finestra: " & SDL_GetError())
rend = SDL_CreateRenderer(finestra, 0, SDL_RENDERER_ACCELERATED)
If IsNull(rend) Then Error.Raise("Impossibile creare un contesto rendering 2D per la finestra: " & SDL_GetError())
SDL_SetRenderDrawColor(rend, 255, 255, 0, 255)
SDL_RenderClear(rend)
SDL_RenderPresent(rend)
cur = CreaCursore()
SDL_SetCursor(cur)
' Per tenere aperta la finestra utilizziamo il seguente ciclo, dal quale si uscirà solo quando si invierà un qualsiasi carattere dalla console o dal Terminale:
While True
Input #File.In, s
If s <> Null Then Break
Wend
' Va in chiusura:
SDL_DestroyWindow(finestra)
SDL_Quit()
End
Private Function CreaCursore() As Pointer
Dim i, row, col As Integer
Dim data As New Byte[4 * 32]
Dim mask As New Byte[4 * 32]
i = -1
For row = 0 To 32 - 1
For col = 0 To 32 - 1
If col Mod 8 Then
data[i] = Shl(data[i], 1)
mask[i] = Shl(mask[i], 1)
Else
Inc i
mask[i] = 0
data[i] = mask[i]
Endif
Select Case Mid(cursore[4 + row], col + 1, 1)
Case "X"
data[i] = data[i] Or &01
mask[i] = mask[i] Or &01
Case "."
mask[i] = mask[i] Or &01
End Select
Next
Next
Return SDL_CreateCursor(data.data, mask.data, 32, 32, Left(cursore[4 + row], 1), Right(cursore[4 + row], 1))
End
