Versione attuale delle 10:56, 22 giu 2023

Per stampare un file con le funzioni esterne del API di CUPS (Common Unix Printing System), e dunque senza l'uso della Classe Printer, bisognerà richiamare l'attuale libreria esterna: libcups.so.2 .

Mostriamo di seguito due esempi pratici; un semplice e breve codice per stampare un solo file:

Public Struct Cups_option_s     ' Opzioni di stampa
  name As Pointer               ' Nome dell'opzione
  value As Pointer	        ' Valore dell'opzione
End Struct

Library "libcups:2"

' int cupsGetDests(cups_dest_t **dests)
' Get the list of destinations from the default server.
Private Extern cupsGetDests(dests As Pointer) As Integer

' int cupsPrintFile(const char *printer, const char *filename, const char *title, int num_options, cups_option_t *options)
' Print a file to a printer or class on the default server.
Private Extern cupsPrintFile(stampante As String, nomefile As String, titolo As String, num_opzioni As Integer, opzioni As Cups_option_s) As Integer


Public Sub Main()

 Dim fl, stamp_Def, predef, stampa As String
 Dim num_dests, err As Integer
 Dim p As Pointer
 Dim st As Stream
 Dim b, j As Byte

 fl = "/percorso/del/file/da/stampare"

 num_dests = cupsGetDests(VarPtr(p))

 Print "Sono state riscontrate installate nel sistema num. "; num_dests; " stampanti:\n"

' Dereferenziando la variabile di tipo "Puntatore", si ottengono i nomi delle stampanti installate.
' In particolare ciascun nome è uguale a quello del file .ppd afferente alla stampante installata, presente nella cartella "/etc/cups/ppd" e privo della sua estensione.
' Il nome della stampante andrà passato, come primo argomento, alla funzione "cupsPrintFile()".
 For b = 1 To num_dests
   stampa = String@(Pointer@(p))
   p = p + 16
   If Byte@(p) = 1 Then
     stamp_Def = stampa
     predef = " - Default\n"
   Endif
' Mostra in console il nome delle stampanti trovate installate nel sistema:
   Print b, stampa & predef
   predef = Null
   p = p + 16
 Next
  

' Se, invece, volessimo usare i "Memory Stream":
 ' Dim p, pstmp As Pointer

 ' st = Memory p For Read
 
 ' For b = 0 To num_dests - 1
   ' Seek #st, b * 32
   ' Read #st, pstmp
   ' Seek #st, Seek(st) + 8
   ' Read #st, j
   ' If j = 1 Then
     ' stamp_Def = String@(pstmp)
     ' predef = " - Default\n"
   ' Endif
   ' Print b + 1, String@(pstmp) & predef
   ' predef = Null
 ' Next
 '
 ' st.Close()
 
' In questo esempio passa alla funzione "cupsPrintFile()" il nome della stampante 'predefinita' trovata:
 Print "\nStampa sulla stampante: "; stamp_Def
 
 err = cupsPrintFile(stamp_Def, fl, "Breve titolo qualsiasi", 0, Null)
 If err == 0 then Error.Raise("Stampa del file fallita !")

End

Un altro esempio un po' più complesso che utilizza altre funzioni esterne di CUPS rispetto al precedente esempio:

Public Struct Cups_option_s     ' Opzioni di stampa
  name As Pointer               ' Nome dell'opzione
  value As Pointer	        ' Valore dell'opzione
End Struct

Public Struct cups_dest_s
  name As Pointer
  instance As Pointer
  is_default As Integer
  num_options As Integer
  options As Cups_option_s
End Struct


Library "libcups:2"

Private Const CUPS_HTTP_DEFAULT As Integer = 0
Private Const HTTP_CONTINUE As Integer = 100
Private Const CUPS_FORMAT_AUTO As String = "application/octet-stream"

' int cupsGetDests(cups_dest_t **dests)
' Get the list of destinations from the default server.
Private Extern cupsGetDests(dests As Pointer) As Integer

' cups_file_t *cupsFileOpen(const char *filename, const char *mode)
' Open a CUPS file.
Private Extern cupsFileOpen(filename As String, mode As String) As Pointer

' int cupsCreateJob(http_t *http, const char *name, const char *title, int num_options, cups_option_t *options)
' Create an empty job for streaming.
Private Extern cupsCreateJob(http As Pointer, name As String, title As String, num_options As Integer, options As Cups_option_s) As Integer

' http_status_t cupsStartDocument(http_t *http, const char *name, int job_id, const char *docname, const char *format, int last_document)
' Add a document to a job created with cupsCreateJob().
Private Extern cupsStartDocument(http As Pointer, name As String, jobI As Integer, docname As String, format$ As String, last_document As Integer) As Integer

' ssize_t cupsFileRead(cups_file_t *fp, char *buf, size_t bytes)
' Read from a file.
Private Extern cupsFileRead(fp As Pointer, buf As Byte[], size_t As Integer) As Integer

' http_status_t cupsWriteRequestData(http_t *http, const char *buffer, size_t length)
' Write additional data after an IPP request.
Private Extern cupsWriteRequestData(http As Pointer, buf As Byte[], length As Integer) As Integer

' ipp_status_t cupsFinishDocument(http_t *http, const char *name)
' Finish sending a document.
Private Extern cupsFinishDocument(http As Pointer, name As String) As Integer

' cups_dest_t *cupsGetNamedDest(http_t *http, const char *name, const char *instance)
' Get options for the named destination.
Private Extern cupsGetNamedDest(http As Pointer, name As String, instance As String) As Cups_dest_s


Public Sub Main()

 Dim p, cups_file As Pointer
 Dim num_dests As Integer
 Dim b As Byte
 Dim fl, stampa, predef, stampante As String
 Dim id, http_stato, byte As Integer
 Dim buffer As Byte[]                        ' Buffer di lettura/scrittura
 Dim dest As New Cups_dest_s
 
 fl = "/percorso/del/file/da/stampare"

 num_dests = cupsGetDests(VarPtr(p))
 Print "Sono state riscontrate installate nel sistema num. "; num_dests; " stampanti:\n"

 For b = 1 To num_dests
   stampa = String@(Pointer@(p))
   p = p + 16
   If Byte@(p) = 1 Then
     stampante = stampa
     predef = " - Default\n"
   Endif
' Mostriamo in console il nome delle stampanti trovate installate nel sistema:
   Print b, stampa & predef
   predef = Null
   p = p + 16
 Next
  
 cups_file = cupsFileOpen(fl, "r")
 If IsNull(cups_file) Then Error.Raise("Impossibile aprire il file !")
  
 id = cupsCreateJob(CUPS_HTTP_DEFAULT, stampante, "testo qualsiasi", 0, Null)
 If id <= 0 Then Error.Raise("Impossibile stampare con '" & stampante & "' !")
 Print "Processo di stampa num. "; id

 http_stato = cupsStartDocument(CUPS_HTTP_DEFAULT, stampante, id, "nome documento", CUPS_FORMAT_AUTO, 1)
 If http_stato <> HTTP_CONTINUE Then Error.Raise("Impossibile avviare la stampa del documento !")
   
 buffer = New Byte[Stat(fl).Size]
   
 byte = cupsFileRead(cups_file, buffer, buffer.Count)
 While byte > 0
   If cupsWriteRequestData(CUPS_HTTP_DEFAULT, buffer, byte) <> HTTP_CONTINUE Then Error.Raise("Impossibile scrivere byte !")
   Wait 0.5
   byte = cupsFileRead(cups_file, buffer, buffer.Count)
 Wend

 cupsFinishDocument(CUPS_HTTP_DEFAULT, stampante)
 dest = cupsGetNamedDest(CUPS_HTTP_DEFAULT, Null, Null)
 Print "Stampa del documento su: "; String@(dest.name)
 
End

Riferimenti

• API di cups
• Linux Standard Base Printing Specification 4.0
• cups Documentation